Gronniosaw narrative

(1772), one of the earliest “as-told-to” slave narratives recorded by a white amanuensis. According to this account, Ukawsaw Gronniosaw was the youngest child of the oldest daughter of the king of Bournou. Spiritually dissatisfied with the animist faith in which he was raised, Ukawsaw alienated himself from his friends and relatives by his constant questions challenging their faith in physical objects, as well as by his growing belief in the existence of an uncreated creator. "Dejected and melancholy,” Gronniosaw accompanied a trading African merchant to the Gold Coast, more than a thousand miles from his home, where he had been

Briton hammon narrative

The life, history, and unparalleled sufferings of john jea, the african preacher

Equiano docsouth