THE HISTORY OF CANOA RANCH From prehistoric times to the present, Canoa Ranch occupies a noteworthy historic site in Pima County along the middle Santa Cruz Valley. PREHISTORIC PERIOD: The Paleoindian Period (10,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.) is probably the earliest that Native Americans occupied the area of present day Southern Arizona. The Paleoindians lived in small, dispersed highly mobile family groups that subsisted primarily by hunting “big game” species such as mammoth and bison. With the disappearance of the “big game” animals by around 8000 B.C., the remaining natives had to shift their food procurement strategies and become hunters of small game and started early farming practices. This period is referred to as the Archaic Period (8000 B.C. to 200 A.D.) and the people were classified as Hunter-Gatherers and Early Farmers. They lived in rudimentary pit houses and were still highly mobile and relocated whenever they depleted the food resources in the area. The area was sparsely po
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